In structural design, what is an arch?

An arch is defined as a curved structure that spans an opening and effectively supports weight. This design element relies on its curvature to distribute loads, transferring downward forces through its structure and creating a stable form that can support various types of loads, including tension and compression.

Architecturally, arches have been used for centuries, providing both aesthetic appeal and functional strength in bridges, doorways, and buildings. The shape of an arch allows it to hold significant weight above it, making it a crucial element in many architectural designs. In contrast, the other options refer to different types of structural components with distinct roles in construction. A linear beam, for example, is a straight structure that can support load but does not span an opening in the same manner as an arch, while vertical support columns and flat rectangular components serve different purposes in the overall stability and design of a building.